:root {
    --bif-blue: #29B6F6;
    --bif-blue-dark: #0288D1;
    --bif-slate: #2D3748;
    --bif-dark: #1A202C;
    --bif-charcoal: #374151;
    --white: #FFFFFF;
    --off-white: #F7F8FA;
    --warm-gray: #E8E6E1;
    --text-dark: #1a1a2e;
    --text-body: #4A5568;
    --text-light: #94a3b8;
    --rule: #CBD5E0;
    --gh-font-heading: 'DM Serif Display', Georgia, serif;
    --gh-font-body: 'Montserrat', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;
    --serif: var(--gh-font-heading);
    --sans: var(--gh-font-body);
    --mono: 'JetBrains Mono', 'Courier New', monospace;
  }

  * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }

  /* Base type scale. Every size in this file is in rem, so this one value
     drives the whole site. 112.5% = 18px against a default 16px root. */
  html { font-size: 112.5%; }

  body {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    background: var(--white);
    color: var(--text-dark);
    line-height: 1.6;
    overflow-x: hidden;
  }

  /* === MASTHEAD NAV === */
  .masthead {
    padding: 1rem 3rem;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.10);
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    background: var(--bif-dark);
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    z-index: 100;
  }

  .masthead-logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--white);
  }

  .masthead-logo img {
    height: 36px;
    width: auto;
  }

  .masthead-logo .logo-text {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--white);
  }

  .masthead-nav {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2.25rem;
    list-style: none;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .masthead-nav a {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.82);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    transition: color 0.2s;
    font-family: var(--sans);
  }

  .masthead-nav a:hover { color: var(--bif-blue); }

  .masthead-cta {
    background: var(--white) !important;
    color: var(--bif-dark) !important;
    padding: 0.5rem 1.25rem !important;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
    font-size: 0.8rem !important;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    transition: background 0.2s !important;
  }

  .masthead-cta:hover { background: var(--bif-blue) !important; color: var(--bif-dark) !important; }

  /* === HERO — EDITORIAL COVER === */
  .hero-cover {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    min-height: 85vh;
  }

  .hero-left {
    background: var(--bif-dark);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 5rem 4rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  /* Hexagonal pattern overlay using the logo motif */
  .hero-left::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    opacity: 0.03;
    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='60' height='69' viewBox='0 0 60 69' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M30 0l30 17.32v34.64L30 69 0 51.96V17.32z' fill='none' stroke='%2329B6F6' stroke-width='1'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
    background-size: 60px 69px;
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  /* Removed: a 4px cyan bar sat across the bottom of the hero and read as a
     divider. Restore this rule if the accent is wanted back. */

  .hero-title {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 4.5rem;
    line-height: 1.05;
    margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    max-width: 560px;
  }

  .hero-title em {
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--bif-blue);
  }

  .hero-subtitle {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: #94a3b8;
    max-width: 480px;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  .hero-ctas {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
  }

  .btn-editorial {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.9rem 2rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    text-decoration: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.25s;
    font-family: var(--sans);
  }

  .btn-editorial.primary {
    background: var(--bif-blue);
    color: var(--white);
    border-radius: 3px;
  }

  .btn-editorial.primary:hover { background: var(--bif-blue-dark); }

  .btn-editorial.ghost {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
    border-radius: 3px;
  }

  .btn-editorial.ghost:hover { border-color: var(--bif-blue); color: var(--bif-blue); }

  /* Hero right — info panel */
  .hero-right {
    background: var(--off-white);
    padding: 4rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .hero-byline {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }

  .byline-avatar {
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    overflow: hidden;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    border: 3px solid var(--bif-blue);
  }

  .byline-avatar img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
  }

  .byline-info h3 {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  }

  .byline-info p {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-body);
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  .hero-credentials {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  }

  .credential {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .credential-marker {
    width: 3px;
    min-height: 40px;
    background: var(--bif-blue);
    border-radius: 2px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-top: 2px;
  }

  .credential h4 {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    margin-bottom: 0.15rem;
  }

  .credential p {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-body);
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  .hero-numbers {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 1.5rem;
    padding-top: 2rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }

  .number-item {
    text-align: center;
  }

  .number-value {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 2.6rem;
    color: var(--bif-slate);
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
  }

  .number-label {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    color: var(--text-light);
  }

  /* === SOCIAL PROOF BAR === */
  .proof-bar {
    background: var(--off-white);
    padding: 1.5rem 3rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }

  .proof-inner {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 2.5rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .proof-label {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--text-light);
  }

  /* Logos are supplied in mismatched brand colours, and the Art of Network
     Engineering mark is a white wordmark built for dark backgrounds. brightness(0)
     flattens every logo to a single ink so they all read on the light bar and sit
     together as a set. Drop the filter for full brand colour. */
  .proof-logo {
    height: 34px;
    max-width: 150px;
    width: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
    filter: brightness(0);
    opacity: 0.55;
    transition: opacity 0.2s;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }

  .proof-logo:hover { opacity: 0.85; }

  .proof-item {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #A0AEC0;
    transition: color 0.2s;
  }

  .proof-item:hover {
    color: var(--text-body);
  }

  .proof-dot {
    width: 4px;
    height: 4px;
    background: #CBD5E0;
    border-radius: 50%;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }

  /* === EDITORIAL SECTION === */
  .ed-section {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 3.25rem 3rem;
  }

  .ed-section-header {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: start;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--text-dark);
  }

  /* Small mono section labels removed by request. Set display back to block
     here (and in the two overrides below) to bring them back. */
  .ed-label {
    display: none;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--bif-blue);
    padding-top: 0.5rem;
  }

  .ed-headline {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 2.75rem;
    line-height: 1.15;
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  .ed-headline em {
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--text-body);
  }

  /* === SERVICES — EDITORIAL COLUMNS === */
  .services-editorial {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }

  .service-col {
    padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
    border-right: 1px solid var(--rule);
    transition: background 0.3s;
  }

  .service-col:last-child { border-right: none; }

  .service-col:hover { background: var(--off-white); }

  .service-number {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 3rem;
    color: var(--bif-blue);
    opacity: 0.3;
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  }

  .service-col h3 {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
  }

  .service-col p {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-body);
    line-height: 1.7;
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  .service-col .service-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    margin-top: 1.25rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--bif-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    transition: gap 0.2s;
  }

  .service-col .service-link:hover { gap: 0.65rem; }

  /* === PULL QUOTE === */
  .pullquote-section {
    background: var(--bif-dark);
    padding: 5rem 3rem;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .pullquote-section::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 4px;
    background: var(--bif-blue);
  }

  .pullquote-inner {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .pullquote-mark {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 6rem;
    color: var(--bif-blue);
    line-height: 0.5;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    opacity: 0.4;
  }

  .pullquote-text {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 2rem;
    color: var(--white);
    line-height: 1.45;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    font-style: italic;
  }

  .pullquote-attribution {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--bif-blue);
  }

  /* === FEATURED POSTS — MAGAZINE LAYOUT === */
  .posts-magazine {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 0.8fr;
    gap: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }

  .post-feature {
    border-right: 1px solid var(--rule);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    transition: background 0.3s;
  }

  .post-feature:hover { background: var(--off-white); }

  /* Feature images are 1.9:1 banners with type baked in. Fixed pixel heights
     crop that type off at narrow column widths, so match the source ratio. */
  .post-feature-image {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 1.9;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .post-feature-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform 0.4s;
  }

  .post-feature:hover .post-feature-image img {
    transform: scale(1.03);
  }

  .post-feature-content {
    padding: 2rem 2.5rem;
    flex-grow: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .post-category {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--bif-blue);
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  }

  .post-feature h3 {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.25;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
  }

  .post-feature .post-excerpt {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-body);
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    flex-grow: 1;
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  .post-dateline {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  }

  .posts-sidebar {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .post-sidebar-item {
    padding: 1.75rem 2rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    transition: background 0.3s;
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .post-sidebar-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
  .post-sidebar-item:hover { background: var(--off-white); }

  .post-sidebar-thumb {
    width: 130px;
    aspect-ratio: 1.9;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 4px;
    overflow: hidden;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }

  .post-sidebar-thumb img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
  }

  .post-sidebar-text h4 {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.35;
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  }

  .post-sidebar-text .post-excerpt {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--text-body);
    line-height: 1.5;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  .view-all-row {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    padding: 1.5rem 2.5rem;
    text-align: right;
  }

  .view-all-row a {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--bif-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.2s;
  }

  .view-all-row a:hover { color: var(--bif-blue-dark); }

  /* === NEWSLETTER — EDITORIAL === */
  .newsletter-editorial {
    background: var(--off-white);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--bif-blue);
  }

  .newsletter-inner {
    max-width: 700px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 4rem 3rem;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .newsletter-inner .ed-label {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
  }

  .newsletter-inner h2 {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  }

  .newsletter-inner p {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    color: var(--text-body);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  .newsletter-form {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0;
    max-width: 480px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: 4px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--white);
  }

  .newsletter-form input {
    flex: 1;
    padding: 0.9rem 1.25rem;
    border: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    outline: none;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--text-dark);
  }

  .newsletter-form input::placeholder {
    color: var(--text-light);
  }

  .newsletter-form button {
    padding: 0.9rem 1.75rem;
    background: var(--bif-slate);
    color: var(--white);
    border: none;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.2s;
  }

  .newsletter-form button:hover { background: var(--bif-blue-dark); }

  /* === FOOTER === */
  .footer-editorial {
    background: var(--bif-dark);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
    padding: 3rem;
  }

  .footer-inner {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .footer-brand {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }

  .footer-brand img {
    height: 24px;
    width: auto;
    opacity: 0.6;
  }

  .footer-brand span {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 600;
  }

  .footer-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    list-style: none;
  }

  .footer-links a {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: color 0.2s;
  }

  .footer-links a:hover { color: var(--bif-blue); }

  .footer-rule {
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  }

  /* === RESPONSIVE === */
  @media (max-width: 900px) {
    .hero-cover { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .hero-left { padding: 3rem 2rem; min-height: 60vh; }
    .hero-right { padding: 2rem; }
    .hero-title { font-size: 3rem; }
    .services-editorial { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .service-col { border-right: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
    .posts-magazine { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .post-feature { border-right: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
    .ed-section-header { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0.5rem; }
    .masthead { padding: 1rem 1.5rem; }
    .masthead-nav { display: none; }
    .ed-section { padding: 3rem 1.5rem; }
    .newsletter-inner { padding: 3rem 1.5rem; }
    .hero-numbers { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 0.5rem; }
    .post-sidebar-item { flex-direction: column; }
    .post-sidebar-thumb { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 1.9; height: auto; }
    .proof-inner { gap: 1.25rem; }
    .footer-inner { flex-direction: column; gap: 1.5rem; text-align: center; }
  }

  
  /* ============================================================
     GHOST THEME ADDITIONS
     Everything below extends the prototype design system for
     templates the prototype did not have: post, page, archives,
     pagination, Ghost content cards, and the Work With Me page.
     ============================================================ */

  img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
  a { color: var(--bif-blue-dark); }
  .sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0,0,0,0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }

  /* --- masthead --- */
  .masthead-nav { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
  .masthead-nav li { list-style: none; }
  .masthead-nav .nav-current > a { color: var(--bif-blue); }
  .masthead-logo img { height: 36px; width: auto; }
  .masthead-toggle { display: none; background: none; border: 0; cursor: pointer; padding: 0.5rem; }
  .masthead-toggle span { display: block; width: 22px; height: 2px; background: var(--bif-slate); margin: 4px 0; transition: transform 0.2s, opacity 0.2s; }
  .masthead.is-stuck { box-shadow: 0 1px 12px rgba(26,32,44,0.07); }

  /* --- buttons --- */
  .btn-editorial.ghost.dark { color: var(--bif-blue); border-color: var(--rule); }
  .btn-editorial.ghost.dark:hover { border-color: var(--bif-blue); }

  /* --- hero extras --- */
  .hero-title { color: var(--white); }
  .credential > div { flex: 1; }
  .number-value, .number-label { display: block; }
  .post-image-fallback { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; min-height: 120px; background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bif-dark), var(--bif-slate)); }

  /* --- services: 4 columns --- */
  .services-editorial { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); }
  .service-col { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
  .service-col h3 a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
  .service-highlight {
    margin-top: 0.9rem;
    padding-left: 0.9rem;
    border-left: 3px solid var(--bif-blue);
    font-weight: 500 !important;
    color: var(--text-dark) !important;
  }
  .service-col-featured { background: var(--off-white); }

  /* --- magazine block links --- */
  .post-feature h3 a, .post-sidebar-text h4 a, .post-card-title a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
  .post-feature h3 a:hover, .post-sidebar-text h4 a:hover, .post-card-title a:hover { color: var(--bif-blue-dark); }
  .post-feature-image { display: block; }
  .post-sidebar-thumb { display: block; }

  /* --- archive grid --- */
  .archive-head { padding-bottom: 0; }
  .archive-intro { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 1rem; color: var(--text-body); max-width: 720px; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
  .post-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 2.5rem 2rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-top: 2.5rem; }
  .post-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
  .post-card-image { display: block; aspect-ratio: 1.9; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 4px; margin-bottom: 1.1rem; }
  .post-card-image img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform 0.4s; }
  .post-card:hover .post-card-image img { transform: scale(1.03); }
  .post-card-title { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 0.6rem; }
  .post-card .post-excerpt { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.88rem; color: var(--text-body); line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }

  /* --- pagination --- */
  .pagination { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; margin-top: 3.5rem; padding-top: 1.5rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.7rem; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--text-light); }
  .pagination a { color: var(--bif-blue); text-decoration: none; }
  .pagination a:hover { color: var(--bif-blue-dark); }

  /* --- single post & page --- */
  .single { max-width: 760px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 4rem 1.5rem 2rem; }
  .single-header { margin-bottom: 2.5rem; }
  .single-title { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 3rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.12; margin: 0.5rem 0 1rem; }
  .single-standfirst { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 1.15rem; color: var(--text-body); line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
  .single-meta { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.85rem; padding-top: 1.25rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .single-meta .byline-avatar { width: 36px; height: 36px; border-width: 2px; }
  .single-author { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 600; }
  .single-image { max-width: 1100px; margin: 0 auto 3rem; }
  .single-image img { width: 100%; border-radius: 4px; }
  .single-image figcaption { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.7rem; color: var(--text-light); text-align: center; margin-top: 0.75rem; }
  .single-footer { margin-top: 3rem; padding-top: 1.5rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .single-tags a { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.72rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.08em; color: var(--bif-blue); text-decoration: none; margin-right: 0.9rem; }
  .single-comments { max-width: 760px; margin: 0 auto 4rem; padding: 0 1.5rem; }

  /* --- Ghost content --- */
  .gh-content { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.75; color: var(--text-body); }
  .gh-content > * + * { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
  .gh-content h2 { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 400; color: var(--text-dark); line-height: 1.25; margin-top: 2.75rem; }
  .gh-content h3 { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.45rem; font-weight: 400; color: var(--text-dark); margin-top: 2rem; }
  .gh-content h4 { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-dark); margin-top: 1.75rem; }
  .gh-content a { color: var(--bif-blue-dark); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 2px; }
  .gh-content ul, .gh-content ol { padding-left: 1.35rem; }
  .gh-content li + li { margin-top: 0.5rem; }
  .gh-content blockquote { border-left: 3px solid var(--bif-blue); padding-left: 1.25rem; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.35rem; font-style: italic; color: var(--text-dark); }
  .gh-content img, .gh-content figure img { width: 100%; border-radius: 4px; }
  .gh-content figcaption { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.7rem; color: var(--text-light); text-align: center; margin-top: 0.6rem; }
  .gh-content pre { background: var(--bif-dark); color: var(--white); padding: 1.25rem; border-radius: 4px; overflow-x: auto; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.6; }
  .gh-content code { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.88em; background: var(--off-white); padding: 0.1em 0.35em; border-radius: 3px; }
  .gh-content pre code { background: none; padding: 0; }
  .gh-content hr { border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); margin: 3rem 0; }
  .gh-content table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.92rem; }
  .gh-content th, .gh-content td { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 0.7rem 0.5rem; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; }
  .gh-content th { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.72rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.08em; color: var(--text-light); }
  .kg-width-wide { max-width: 1100px; margin-left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); }
  .kg-width-full { max-width: 100vw; margin-left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); }

  /* --- newsletter form additions --- */
  .newsletter-form { flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .newsletter-message { display: none; width: 100%; padding: 0.6rem 1rem; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.8rem; margin: 0; }
  .success .newsletter-message.success, .error .newsletter-message.error { display: block; }
  .newsletter-message.success { color: var(--bif-blue-dark); }
  .newsletter-message.error { color: #b91c1c; }
  .newsletter-fineprint { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.65rem; letter-spacing: 0.08em; color: var(--text-light); margin-top: 1rem !important; margin-bottom: 0 !important; }

  /* --- footer additions --- */
  .footer-inner + .footer-inner { margin-top: 1.5rem; padding-top: 1.5rem; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08); }
  .footer-links li { list-style: none; }
  .footer-disclaimer p { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.72rem; line-height: 1.6; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.35); max-width: 780px; }
  .footer-legal { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.65rem; letter-spacing: 0.1em; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.25); }
  .footer-legal a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4); text-decoration: none; }
  .footer-legal a:hover { color: var(--bif-blue); }

  /* --- Work With Me --- */
  .start-steps { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .start-step { padding: 2.25rem 2rem; border-right: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .start-step:last-child { border-right: none; }
  .start-step h3 { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.35rem; font-weight: 400; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
  .start-step p { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--text-body); line-height: 1.7; }
  .start-section .view-all-row { text-align: center; padding-top: 2.5rem; }

  /* --- responsive additions --- */
  @media (max-width: 1100px) {
    .services-editorial { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .service-col:nth-child(2n) { border-right: none; }
    .post-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  }

  @media (max-width: 900px) {
    .masthead-toggle { display: block; }
    .masthead-nav { display: none; }
    body.nav-open .masthead-nav { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 1rem; position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; right: 0; background: var(--white); padding: 1.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
    .services-editorial, .start-steps, .post-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .service-col, .start-step { border-right: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
    .single-title { font-size: 2.1rem; }
    .single { padding: 2.5rem 1.25rem 1.5rem; }
    .kg-width-wide, .kg-width-full { max-width: 100%; margin-left: 0; transform: none; }
    .footer-legal { flex-direction: column; gap: 0.6rem; }
  }

  /* --- problems band --- */
  /* No border-top: it drew a rule directly under the hero. The dark-to-light
     background change is already the section break. */
  .problems-section { background: var(--off-white); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .problems-inner { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 4rem 3rem; }
  .problems-inner .ed-label { display: none; }
  .problem-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .problem-item {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    padding: 2rem 2rem 2rem 0;
    margin: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-right: 1px solid var(--rule);
    padding-left: 2rem;
  }
  .problem-item:nth-child(3n) { border-right: none; }
  .problems-close {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-body);
    margin-top: 2rem;
    max-width: 640px;
    padding-left: 2rem;
    border-left: 3px solid var(--bif-blue);
  }

  /* --- services CTA row --- */
  .services-editorial-three { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
  .services-cta { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 2rem; flex-wrap: wrap; padding-top: 2.5rem; }
  .services-cta-link {
    font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.8rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--bif-blue); text-decoration: none;
  }
  .services-cta-link:hover { color: var(--bif-blue-dark); }

  /* --- work with me close --- */
  .wwm-close { text-align: center; padding-top: 3rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); margin-top: 2.5rem; }
  .wwm-close p { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.95rem; color: var(--text-body); max-width: 620px; margin: 0 auto 1.75rem; line-height: 1.7; }

  @media (max-width: 1100px) {
    .problem-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .problem-item:nth-child(3n) { border-right: 1px solid var(--rule); }
    .problem-item:nth-child(2n) { border-right: none; }
    .services-editorial-three { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  }

  @media (max-width: 900px) {
    .problems-inner { padding: 3rem 1.5rem; }
    .problem-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .problem-item { border-right: none !important; padding: 1.5rem 0 1.5rem 1.25rem; font-size: 1.15rem; }
    .problems-close { padding-left: 1.25rem; }
    .services-cta { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 1.25rem; }
  }

  /* --- work with me spacing --- */
  .wwm-head { padding-bottom: 0.5rem; }
  .wwm-head .archive-intro { margin-bottom: 0; }
  .wwm-models { padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 2rem; }
  .wwm-models .services-editorial { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .start-section { padding-top: 2rem; }

  /* ============================================================
     PAGE COMPONENTS: media, about, now, newsletter
     ============================================================ */

  /* --- media: video grid --- */
  .media-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 2.5rem 2rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-top: 2.5rem; }
  .media-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
  .media-thumb { position: relative; display: block; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 4px;
    background: var(--bif-dark); aspect-ratio: 16/9; margin-bottom: 1.1rem; }
  .media-thumb img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform .45s, opacity .25s; }
  .media-card:hover .media-thumb img { transform: scale(1.04); opacity: .82; }
  .media-play { position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 50%; transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
    width: 58px; height: 58px; border-radius: 50%; background: rgba(26,32,44,.72);
    border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,.85); transition: background .2s, transform .2s; }
  .media-play::after { content: ''; position: absolute; left: 53%; top: 50%; transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
    border-left: 15px solid #fff; border-top: 9px solid transparent; border-bottom: 9px solid transparent; }
  .media-card:hover .media-play { background: var(--bif-blue); transform: translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1.06); }
  .media-show { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .63rem; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .15em;
    text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--bif-blue); display: block; margin-bottom: .5rem; }
  .media-body h3 { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.3;
    margin-bottom: .5rem; }
  .media-body h3 a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
  .media-body h3 a:hover { color: var(--bif-blue-dark); }
  .media-body p { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .85rem; color: var(--text-body); line-height: 1.65; }

  /* --- media: podcast list --- */
  .media-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .media-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 96px 1fr auto; gap: 1.5rem; align-items: center;
    padding: 1.5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); transition: background .25s; }
  .media-row:hover { background: var(--off-white); }
  .media-art { display: block; width: 96px; height: 96px; border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; }
  .media-art img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
  .media-row .media-body h3 { font-size: 1.1rem; margin-bottom: .35rem; }
  .media-row .media-body p { font-size: .82rem; }
  .media-listen { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .05em;
    text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--bif-blue); white-space: nowrap; opacity: 0; transition: opacity .2s; }
  .media-row:hover .media-listen { opacity: 1; }

  /* --- about --- */
  .about-hero { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.75fr 1fr; min-height: 54vh;
    background: var(--bif-dark); position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
  .about-hero-left { padding: 5rem 4rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center;
    position: relative; z-index: 1; }
  .about-hero-left .ed-label { display: none; }
  .about-hero-left .hero-title { font-size: 3.6rem; }
  .about-hero-right { position: relative; overflow: hidden; min-height: 320px;
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 3rem;
    background: linear-gradient(160deg, var(--bif-slate), var(--bif-dark)); }
  .about-hero-right::before { content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0; opacity: .06;
    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='60' height='69' viewBox='0 0 60 69' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M30 0l30 17.32v34.64L30 69 0 51.96V17.32z' fill='none' stroke='%2329B6F6' stroke-width='1'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
    background-size: 60px 69px; }
  /* Contained circle rather than a full-bleed cover. The source image is small,
     and stretching it across half the hero is what made it look grainy. */
  .about-portrait { position: relative; width: 100%; max-width: 300px; height: auto;
    aspect-ratio: 1; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 22%;
    border-radius: 50%; border: 3px solid var(--bif-blue); }
  .about-prose { max-width: 760px; }
  .about-prose p { font-size: 1.02rem; }
  .role-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .role-col { padding: 2rem 2rem 2rem 0; border-right: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .role-col:last-child { border-right: none; }
  .role-col:not(:first-child) { padding-left: 2rem; }
  .role-col h4 { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--text-light); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
  .role-col ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
  .role-col li { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .9rem; color: var(--text-body); line-height: 1.6;
    padding: .4rem 0 .4rem .9rem; border-left: 2px solid var(--rule); margin-bottom: .3rem; }
  .role-col:first-child li { border-left-color: var(--bif-blue); color: var(--text-dark); }

  /* --- now --- */
  .now-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .now-item { padding: 2.25rem 2rem 2.25rem 0; border-right: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .now-item:not(:nth-child(3n+1)) { padding-left: 2rem; }
  .now-item:nth-child(3n) { border-right: none; }
  .now-item .ed-label { display: block; margin-bottom: .75rem; }
  .now-item h3 { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: .65rem; }
  .now-item p { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .88rem; color: var(--text-body); line-height: 1.7; }
  .now-item-cta { background: var(--off-white); padding-left: 2rem; }

  /* --- newsletter page --- */
  .hero-cover-short { min-height: 0; }
  .hero-cover-short .hero-left { padding: 4.5rem 4rem; }
  .newsletter-form-hero { margin: 0 0 1rem; max-width: 460px; }
  .hero-fineprint { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .65rem; letter-spacing: .08em;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,.4); position: relative; z-index: 1; }
  .nl-facts { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1.5rem; }
  .nl-fact h4 { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--text-dark); margin-bottom: .4rem; }
  .nl-fact p { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .88rem; color: var(--text-body); line-height: 1.65; }
  .nl-fact { padding-left: 1rem; border-left: 3px solid var(--bif-blue); }

  @media (max-width: 1100px) {
    .media-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .role-grid, .now-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .role-col:nth-child(2n), .now-item:nth-child(2n) { border-right: none; }
    .now-item:nth-child(3n) { border-right: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  }

  @media (max-width: 900px) {
    .media-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .media-row { grid-template-columns: 72px 1fr; gap: 1rem; }
    .media-art { width: 72px; height: 72px; }
    .media-listen { display: none; }
    .about-hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .about-hero-left { padding: 3rem 1.5rem; }
    .about-hero-left .hero-title { font-size: 2.4rem; }
    .about-hero-right { height: 300px; }
    .role-grid, .now-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .role-col, .now-item { border-right: none !important; padding-left: 0 !important; }
    .now-item-cta { padding-left: 1.25rem !important; }
    .hero-cover-short .hero-left { padding: 3rem 1.5rem; }
  }